Gastrointestinal parasites and ectoparasites in wild Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus), and implications for captivity and animal rescue

Javan slow lorises (Primates: Nycticebus javanicus) are heavily threatened by anthropogenic disturbanceand the illegal animal trade, both of which may impact parasite loads. They are also venomous, whichmay have evolved to help reduce parasite burdens. We present analyses of faecal samples for evidenceof gastrointestinal parasites and data based on ectoparasite inspections from wild Javan slow loriscollected over a 13-month period. We sampled 21 N. javanicus for parasites at Cipaganti, Garut District,West Java, Indonesia. We found most individuals were infected with gastrointestinal parasites. Wereport hookworm (Necator spp.) – eggs and adults; pinworms (Lemuricola spp.) – eggs and adults;and Trichostrongylus – eggs and adults. We found evidence for only one ectoparasite infection in 61captures, this being a rash on one adult male. Although we could not identify the parasite, it hadclose resemblance to a skin mite species. Prevalence and intensity of infections with Lemuricola spp.were not related to weather periods or sex, but showed a tendency of fewer infections in immatureslow lorises. The role of slow loris venom in the defence of ecto- and endoparasites is discussed. Weemphasise the importance of natural diet to ensure an appropriate immune reaction including venomsequestering in rescue centres. Lemuricola spp. have not been documented for any other slow lorisspecies which emphasises the danger of not recognising taxonomic differences and geographicaldistribution in reintroduction planning. Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research 3(3) 2015: 80-86