Kecenderungan dan Faktor Penyebab Deforestasi di Way Pemerihan, Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan, Lampung Barat

Deforestation of low land tropical forest is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP), where this area is the third-largest protected area on Sumatra. Our study is the first in BBSNP as integrate between remote sensing and socio-economic survey to demonstrate that the area and rate of forest loss in Way Pemerihan (Cawangaro and Sumbersari). The data demonstrated that deforestation activity has been started since 1965 in Cawangaro and 1977 in Sumbersari. Forest cover of 1.232ha had already been lost by deforestation activity, i.e: 579ha in Cawangaro and 653ha in Sumbersari. Forest loss is increasingly by average rate of 1.2 persen/year (0.28m2/minute) in the meantime average rate of regeneration only 0.09 persen/year. The highest increased of deforestation has occurred after politics reformation in 1998. The result of socio-economic survey demonstrated that were two causal factor that is internal factor and external factor. Internal factor that is landlessness, price of outside BBSNP land is high relatively and not productive because of that low production. External factor of the processes driving farmer to deforestation that is social conflict to illegal logging activity, declined of BBSNP forest control and law enforcement capacity, and boundary conflict between BBSNP with traditional lands. Politics reformation forms the basis for increase external factor. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia Vol. IV No. 1 2006