Kultur In Vitro Endosperma, Protokol Yang Efisien Untuk Mendapatkan Tanaman Triploid Secara Langsung

Triploid plants are very vigorous and beneficial since they generally produce seedless fruits, bigger flowers, and produce more volume of wood than the diploid counterparts. The triploid plants can be produced by crossing diploid and tetraploid plants, but this method is cumbersome and takes a long time. In vitro culture of endosperm is an alternative method to produce triploid plants directly. The success of endosperm culture is dependent on many factors, such as maturity of endosperm, presence of the zygotic embryo, culture medium, growth regulators, browning, culture period, an plant species. Generally, a mature endosperm needs an initial association with an embryo to induce cell divisions, while proliferation of an immature endosperms is not dependent on the embryo. Endosperm of most parasitic angiosperms shows direct organogenesis without callus formation. Plants produced from endosperm culture are generally triploid, although some plants possess different ploidy levels. Jurnal Agro Biogen Vol. 6 No. 2. Agustus 2010. P: 107-112.